Who discovered Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Who discovered Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Robert M. Zollinger and Dr. Edwin H. Ellison described two cases of a condition whereby patients developed severe, recurrent, multifocal ulcerative lesions of the proximal gastrointestinal tract.

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrom?

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a rare digestive disorder. If you have ZES, you likely have one or more tumors in the first part of the small intestine, the pancreas, or both. These tumors, called gastrinomas, release the hormone gastrin. This causes the stomach to release too much acid.

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome pathophysiology?

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare condition in which one or more tumors form in your pancreas or the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum). These tumors, called gastrinomas, secrete large amounts of the hormone gastrin, which causes your stomach to produce too much acid.

How do you rule out Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

How is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome diagnosed?

1. Blood tests to look for abnormal levels of gastrin.
2. Imaging tests, such as a specialized ultrasound called EUS, CT scan, MRI imaging test, or a specialized scan called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (sometimes called an Octreotide scan).

When was Zollinger-Ellison syndrome discovered?

Introduction. Almost 40 years ago, in 1955, Zollinger and Ellison1 (Fig. 1) reported the clinical course of two women with severe ulcer diatheses who presented with perforated jejunal ulcers. Both had massive gastric acid hypersecretion and each was ultimately found to have a non-insulin secreting islet cell tumor.

Where is gastrin produced?

pyloric antrum
G-cells are neuroendocrine cells responsible for the synthesis and secretion of gastrin. They are primarily found in the pyloric antrum but can also be found in the duodenum and the pancreas. They secrete gastrin when stimulated directly by vagal efferent neurons as well as GRP neurons.

Is Zollinger-Ellison genetic?

In most affected individuals, ZES appears to develop randomly (sporadically) for unknown reasons. In approximately 25 percent of patients, ZES occurs in association with a genetic syndrome known as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1).

Which cells are affected in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is caused by a non–beta islet cell, gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach to maximal activity, with consequent gastrointestinal mucosal ulceration.

Can CT scan detect Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

For contrast-enhanced CTs of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, see the images below. CT scans help detect 38-75% (with a mean of 50%) of extrahepatic gastrinomas, while 42-76% of hepatic metastases are seen on CT scans.

What is the best treatment for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Medications known as proton pump inhibitors are the first line of treatment. These are effective medications for decreasing acid production in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Proton pump inhibitors are powerful drugs that reduce acid by blocking the action of the tiny “pumps” within acid-secreting cells.

Is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome hereditary?

About 80% of cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is unrelated to other conditions, but 20% to 25% of cases occur in people who have a rare, genetic disorder link called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). People with a family history of MEN1 are more likely to have MEN1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

How is gastric acid secreted?

Acid is secreted by parietal cells in the proximal two thirds (body) of the stomach. Gastric acid aids digestion by creating the optimal pH for pepsin and gastric lipase and by stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.