What causes systolic anterior motion?

What causes systolic anterior motion?

Systolic anterior motion is a result of complex geometric interaction between mitral valve components requiring significant Venturi and drag forces in the presence of good functioning left ventricle (LV). Disruption in dynamic mitral valvular apparatus, eg, after mitral valve repair can produce SAM.

What causes chordal Sam?

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral chordae tendineae (chordal SAM) is commonly observed with septal hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and may cause severe hypotension by obstructing the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) during the systole phase.

What is Sam in heart disease?

Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve (MV) can be a life-threatening condition. The SAM can result in severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and/or mitral regurgitation and is associated with an up to 20% risk of sudden death (which is substantially lower in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)).

What is Sam cat?

Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) is common in cats with HCM. Cats with HCM and SAM are commonly said to have the obstructive form of HCM or hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Is dilated cardiomyopathy a death sentence?

As long as you’re diagnosed early, it’s definitely not a death sentence. It’s when cardiomyopathy goes undiagnosed that it can be a problem.

What is a myectomy of the heart?

A septal myectomy is an open-heart procedure in which the surgeon removes part of the thickened, overgrown septum between the ventricles, as shown in the heart on the right.

What is systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (MV)?

While systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve (MV) is often associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and hemodynamic instability, it may also exist without LVOTO. Because SAM is a dynamic process, its severity varies based on changes in cardiac loading conditions, contractility, and chronotropy.

Can volatile anesthesia cause junctional rhythms (HOCM)?

However, the tendency of volatile agents to produce junctional rhythms (HOCM depends on atrial kick) mandates caution – consideration should be given to TEE with pacing or a pacing PA catheter. A common anesthetic regimen is to combine volatile anesthesia with opiates, and pancuronium is avoided.

How does regional anesthesia exacerbate left ventricular outflow obstruction?

Regional anesthesia may exacerbate left ventricular outflow obstruction by decreasing both cardiac preload and afterload.

How is anterior displacement of the MV coaptation point measured?

Anterior displacement of the MV coaptation point toward the septum is a common theme in the development of SAM. The distance from the coaptation point to the septum (C-sept distance) can be measured and if <2.5 cm is associated with an increased risk for SAM.